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Types of Anxiety Disorder Medication Medicines are a great option to treat anxiety-related symptoms. Psychiatrists are educated in the prescription and use of medications. They can prescribe the right medication to minimize side effects. Treatment for anxiety disorders is typically three-pronged: medication, psychotherapy and exercise. SSRIs are the first choice to treat anxiety, but they can take up to a week for them to take effect. SSRIs Most anxiety disorders are treated with SSRIs. The more recent SSRIs are less likely to cause adverse effects than tricyclics older than tricyclics as well as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or tricyclic antidepressants. Several SSRIs have been approved by the FDA to treat anxiety disorders that are generalized. They include fluoxetine (aka Prozac), paraxetine, (aka Paxil), and sertraline, (aka Zoloft), as along with citalopram (aka Celexa). These drugs can boost serotonin in the brain, and can also boost norepinephrine or BDNF. They are able to be used in conjunction with psychotherapy, or by themselves. SSRIs can cause nausea or digestive problems, but these effects tend to diminish as the body becomes accustomed to the medication. The precise mechanism behind the action of SSRIs on anxiety is not well comprehended. It is believed that SSRIs block serotonin reuptake by post-synaptic neurons and increase the concentration serotonin within the synaptic gaps. This enhances the signaling across the synapses and reduces anxiety symptoms. SSRIs can decrease anxiety and the severity of panic attacks. They also can help with depression and other mental health issues that often co-occur with anxiety disorders. They are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy or other types of cognitive behavior therapy to improve their effectiveness. Unlike some other classes of antidepressants SSRIs do not appear to be addictive. However, it is crucial to follow the prescription of your doctor. If you stop taking your medication suddenly and suddenly, it can trigger “discontinuation syndrome” and a return of anxiety symptoms. If SSRIs aren't for you, your doctor could consider a different type of antidepressants, like nefazodone or mirtazapine. These medications may also be effective, but they are more at risk of adverse effects than the more recent SSRIs. SSRIs may interact with certain foods, such as dairy products, eggs, red meat, as well as some fruits and vegetables. It is recommended to stay clear of these foods if taking these medications. Additionally, it is generally recommended that you do not drink alcohol while taking SSRIs as it may increase the severity of some adverse effects. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines increase the calming effects of certain chemicals within the brain and nervous system. They function by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter known as gamma-aminobutyric acids (GABA), which suppresses the activity of nerves. These drugs are effective in treating insomnia, anxiety, and other mental disorders. However, they can be addictive and should only be used for brief durations under medical supervision. Benzos can be dangerous when taken recreationally or mixed with other substances like alcohol. It is not uncommon for medications to be the first thing that people seek out when they suffer from an anxiety disorder, but they're not the only option for treatment. Psychotherapy or talk therapy has also been proven to be an effective method to decrease anxiety disorder symptoms. There are a variety of psychotherapies that can aid however the most well-known and effective is cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). This kind of psychotherapy teaches you how to change your behavior and thoughts so that you don't feel stressed as much. Alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide and diazepam, clorazepate, lorazepam and quazepam are among the most popular benzodiazepines. Each one has its own set of adverse effects, but they all have similar properties pharmacologically. For instance, clorazepate is more effective for treating seizure disorders than other benzodiazepines. Likewise, lorazepam is more effective for treating anxiety disorders than quazepam. Benzodiazepines are very effective but they should not be used long-term because they may cause physical dependence and tolerance. Additionally, they could lead to withdrawal symptoms if you stop taking them abruptly for a short period of time, such as sweating, a pounding heart and shaking. The symptoms can be unpleasant and last for a long time. However they can be slowed down by reducing the medication slowly. Benzodiazepines can be very addictive and should be taken only for a brief period of duration – typically not more than 4 weeks. You must monitor your blood pressure, heart rate and breathing throughout this time to ensure that you do not have a severe reaction. Consult your physician if you are considering a benzoodiazepine. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers are employed to treat anxiety-related issues. They block adrenaline from binding to beta receptors within your nervous system. This stops the hormone from producing physical reactions such as heart tremors or palpitations. These medications are usually prescribed to treat high blood-pressure and other cardiovascular ailments. However they can also be prescribed off-label to treat anxiety. When you are anxious your body produces a chemical known as adrenaline which signals your body to prepare for fight or flight. Adrenaline binds beta receptors found in the brain and heart which causes your heart to beat more quickly and triggering other physical reactions. Beta-blockers are class medications used to treat hypertension and other heart-related conditions. They are able to block adrenaline's binding. This helps to lower your heart rate and blood pressure. In contrast to SSRIs and benzodiazepines that require a long time to produce a noticeable improvement in your symptoms, beta-blockers work quickly. This makes them an excellent option for people who need immediate relief from their anxiety symptoms, such as those who have to give speeches in public or fly on planes. They are also a good option for those suffering from anxiety and chronic heart problems like atherosclerosis or congestive cardiac failure. Beta-blockers may reduce physical symptoms of anxiety, but they don't address the underlying causes. As a result, they are usually only used as part of a larger treatment plan that incorporates counseling and lifestyle changes. They are beneficial for those who have tried anti-anxiety medication and found it ineffective or had unpalatable side effects. Propranolol, atenolol, and other beta-blockers are also available. Your doctor will determine which one is right for you according to your medical history and overall health. These medications can trigger side effects, such as fatigue or low blood pressure It is therefore important to discuss your treatment options with your physician. MAOIs Monoamine oxide inhibitors (MAOIs), created in the 1950s as an antidepressant, work for certain anxiety and depression disorders. However, they are not commonly used as often as SSRIs or other antidepressants due the requirement for strict dietary restrictions and risks of interactions with other drugs. Some MAOIs are taken by mouth in tablet form, while others (such as Emsam) are available in the form of a transdermal patch that's applied to the skin each day. MAOIs inhibit the action of MAO, thereby increasing the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine within the brain. These neurotransmitters play a part in sleep, mood and appetite as well as sexual function. MAOIs also have anti-anxiety effects. However they are more likely to cause adverse effects than TCAs and SSRIs and come with boxed warnings for suicide. Your doctor may prescribe additional medications or treatments to treat your symptoms, in addition to the MAOIs listed below. Beta-blockers, such as propranolol, is often prescribed to ease physical symptoms of anxiety. Your doctor may also suggest a relaxation method or other treatments at home to help ease your symptoms. Iproniazid was the first MAOI discovered in 1952 during research on tuberculosis. It was later discovered to have mood-enhancing properties and is considered the first antidepressant medication. Generally, MAOIs are only used when other antidepressants don't work, since they can cause serious adverse reactions that require immediate medical attention. If you take an MAOI and consume foods that contain the chemical tyramine that is found in many red meats, cheeses shellfish, fish, as well as some dietary supplements, it could trigger an adverse reaction that can result in high blood pressure. Symptoms of this severe reaction include a throbbing headache, nausea vomiting, as well as a fast heart rate. MAOIs can also interact other medications and trigger serious side effects, such as suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and even suicidal thoughts. Your doctor will discuss your diet requirements with you prior to prescribing MAOIs. The doctor will advise you to stay clear of eating foods that contain tyramine while taking the medication. The doctor might also provide you with an inventory of food that is safe to eat when taking MAOIs. The food guide provided can help you avoid MAOI-related side effects.